In Nandi Memory.

[oswaldosalcedo]

HAS DIED ONE OF THE MINDS MORE BRILLIANT IN BODYBUILDING.
Karl Hofman (nandi).
(a rare asset in bodybuilders)

Il-15:
Many readers may already be familiar Interleukin-15. This abstract provides a nice introduction to the properties of this cytokine as they relate to anabolism:

Int J Mol Med. 2005 Sep;16(3):471-6.

Interleukin-15 decreases proteolysis in skeletal muscle: A direct effect.

Busquets S, Figueras MT, Meijsing S, Carbo N, Quinn LS, Almendro V, Argiles JM, Lopez-Soriano FJ.

Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

Incubation of rat isolated skeletal muscles (extensor digitorum longus) in the presence of 100 ng/ml of human recombinant interleukin-15 (IL-15) resulted in a significant decrease in total proteolytic rate, while it had no effect on total protein synthesis as measured by the incorporation of (14)C-phenylalanine into muscle protein. In addition, IL-15 had no effect on either amino acid uptake (as determined by the tissue uptake of labelled [1-(14)C]MeAIB) or alanine utilization by incubated skeletal muscles. Similarly, a single injection of IL-15 (100 microg/kg) in vivo did not result in any changes in amino acid uptake (as measured by the tissue uptake of alpha-[1-(14)C]AIB) or alanine metabolism, with the exception of alanine carbon incorporation into lipids, which was significantly increased in adipose tissue as a result of IL-15 administration. The results suggest that the main mechanism involved in the anabolic effects of IL-15 in skeletal muscle relies on a decrease in the proteolytic rate.
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Cell Biol Int. 2005 Jun 23; [Epub ahead of print] Related Articles, Links

Interleukin-15 stimulates adiponectin secretion by 3T3-L1 adipocytes: Evidence for a skeletal muscle-to-fat signaling pathway.

Quinn LS, Strait-Bodey L, Anderson BG, Argiles JM, Havel PJ.

Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle tissue, and that has anabolic effects on skeletal muscle protein dynamics both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, administration of IL-15 to rats and mice inhibits white adipose tissue deposition.To determine if the action of IL-15 on adipose tissue is direct, the capacity of cultured murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes to respond to IL-15 was examined. IL-15 administration inhibited lipid accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and stimulated secretion of the adipocyte-specific hormone adiponectin by differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The latter observation constitutes the first report of a cytokine or growth factor that stimulates adiponectin production. IL-15 mRNA expression by cultured 3T3-L1 adipogenic cells and C2C12 murine skeletal myogenic cells was also examined. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated IL-15 mRNA was expressed by C2C12 skeletal myogenic cells, and was upregulated more than 10-fold in differentiated skeletal myotubes compared to undifferentiated myoblasts. In contrast, 3T3-L1 cells expressed little or no IL-15 mRNA at either the undifferentiated preadipocyte or differentiated adipocyte stages. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that IL-15 functions in a muscle-to-fat endocrine axis that modulates fat:lean body composition and insulin sensitivity.
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Int J Mol Med. 2005 Jun;15(6):963-7.

Interleukin-15 decreases lipid intestinal absorption.

Almendro V, Carbo N, Busquets S, Lopez-Soriano J, Figueras M, Ametller E, Argiles JM, Lopez-Soriano FJ.

Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Faculta de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Administration of a single acute intravenous injection of interleukin-15 (IL-15) (100 microg/kg bw) to rats resulted in a significant decrease (22%) in triacylglycerol absorption, as measured by using [14C]-triolein load. The cytokine, however, did not influence the oxidation of the exogenously administered lipid or the tissue uptake of [14C]-triolein; this is in concordance with the lack of effects found in the measurement of the tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. Concerning the mechanism involved in the decreased intestinal absorption associated with IL-15 administration, the results presented clearly demonstrate that changes in gastric emptying and intestinal mobility are not involved, as the effect is specific for triacylglycerols. In conclusion, intestinal absorption may be an additional mechanism to take into consideration to explain the 'anti-fat' effect of this cytokine.

[JohnnyB]

He was the best in my book Nandi12, had great info and treated people with respect

JohnnyB

[oswaldosalcedo]

idem.