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Thread: News Article for AandF6969…The Obese Feel More Discrimination

  1. #41
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    being fat is a choice.

    its seems today everyone is educated yet so many lack ****in common sense.

    if you eat like shit, consume to many calories, and decide to do nothing, then work and study and convince yourself your stressed and watch tv in your free time your going to be ****in fat.

    i used to be fat, its a choice you either lose it or keep it and do whatever you need to do drop it.

    but who cares, in the future anyone jacked will be a black sheep in the heard.

    The more fat people the better you look and stonger you are while the rest only gets weaker. Again its a choice.

  2. #42
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    For all who say obesity is a choice…. It is not and here is some of the science to counter the argument that it is a choice…

    I hope this helps to inform the many naïve beliefs about obesity and the people who suffer from it…

    New food-addiction link found
    In a new study at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, scientists have found that the mere sight/smell of food spikes levels of a brain "pleasure" chemical called dopamine. The study is reported in the June 1, 2002, issue of the journal Synapse.
    June 3, 2002—Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have found that the mere display of food—where food-deprived subjects are allowed to smell and taste their favorite foods without actually eating them—causes a significant elevation in brain dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with feelings of pleasure and reward. This activation of the brain's dopamine motivation circuits is distinct from the role the brain chemical plays when people actually eat, and may be similar to what addicts experience when craving drugs.
    "Eating is a highly reinforcing behavior, just like taking illicit drugs," said psychiatrist Nora Volkow, the study's lead investigator. "But this is the first time anyone has shown that the dopamine system can be triggered by food when there is no pleasure associated with it since the subjects don't eat the food. This provides us with new clues about the mechanisms that lead people to eat other than just for the pleasure of eating, and in this respect may help us understand why some people overeat."
    Brookhaven scientists have done extensive research showing that addictive drugs increase the levels of dopamine in the brain, and that addicts have fewer dopamine receptors than non-addicts. Last year, in an effort to understand the relationship of the dopamine system to obesity, they found that obese individuals also had fewer dopamine receptors than normal control subjects.
    In the new study, the scientists investigated the role of dopamine in food intake in healthy, non-obese individuals. The researchers used positron emission tomography (PET), a brain-scanning technique, to measure dopamine levels in 10 food-deprived volunteers. Each volunteer was given an injection containing a radiotracer, a radioactive chemical "tag" designed to bind to dopamine receptors in the brain. The PET camera picks up the radioactive signal to measure the level of tracer. Since the tracer competes with dopamine for binding to the receptor, the amount of bound tracer can be used to infer the concentration of dopamine (more bound tracer = less dopamine).
    Study subjects' brains were scanned four times over a two-day period, with and without food stimulation, paired with and without an oral dose of methylphenidate. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is known to block the reabsorption of dopamine into nerve cells. The researchers wanted to see if it would amplify any subtle changes in dopamine levels.
    For food stimulation, the volunteers were presented with foods they had previously reported as their favorites. The food was warmed to enhance the smell and the subjects were allowed to view and smell it, as well as taste a small portion placed on their tongues with a cotton swab. As a control, during scans when food stimulation was not used, subjects were asked to describe in as much detail as possible their family genealogy. Study participants were also instructed to describe, on a scale of 1 to 10, whether they felt hungry or desired food prior to food stimulation and then at five-minute intervals for a total of 40 minutes.
    The researchers found that food stimulation in combination with oral methylphenidate produced a significant increase in extracellular dopamine in the dorsal striatum. There was also a correlation between the increase in dopamine triggered by food stimulation and methylphenidate and the changes in self-reports of "hunger" and "desire for food."
    "This suggests the dopamine increases during the food/methylphenidate condition reflect the responses to food stimulation and not the isolated effects of methylphenidate," Volkow said.
    The study demonstrates that methylphenidate, when used at low doses, amplifies weak dopamine signals. It also shows, for the first time, that the dopamine system in the dorsal striatum plays a role in food motivation in the human brain.
    This relationship was not observed in the ventral striatum, which includes the nucleus accumbens, the area of the brain thought to be responsible for food reward.
    "We and others previously thought the nucleus accumbens was the primary brain region associated with regulating food intake by modulating reward and pleasure while eating," said study coauthor Gene-Jack Wang. "These findings challenge that belief."—by Karen McNulty Walsh
    Source
    http://www.eurekalert.org/features/d...-nfl061302.php

    Here is another link explaining Food Addiction
    http://weightloss.about.com/library/.../aa091002a.htm

  3. #43
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    Here is another study showing the relation between stress and obesity (More evidence that obesity IS NOT A CHOICE.)

    July 9, 2007
    Stress, Obesity Link Found

    Some people quickly gain weight when they're stressed. A new study has uncovered a molecular connection between stress and weight gain. The discovery may lead to ways of helping people who are chronically stressed control their weight.
    Dr. Zofia Zukowska of Georgetown University Medical Center leads a team of researchers that previously showed a molecule called neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in angiogenesis, the growth of the blood vessels necessary to support new tissue growth. NPY is released from certain nerve cells during stress. Other research had shown that NPY and its receptors seem to play a role in appetite and obesity. Putting these results together, the researchers thought that NPY might be involved in new fat growth during stressful situations.
    Funded in part by NIH’s National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), the researchers tested the effects of chronic stress on fat growth in mice. They compared the effects of stress when the mice were fed a normal diet and one high in fat and sugar to reflect the comfort foods many people eat when they’re stressed.
    As they described online in the July 1, 2007, issue of Nature Medicine, the researchers found that making the mice stand in cold water or exposing them to an aggressive mouse for 10 minutes a day led to the release of NPY from nerves. For the mice eating the normal diet, stress had little effect on body fat. For those mice eating the high fat and sugar diet, however, stress led to a significant increase in belly fat over a 2-week period.
    In the presence of the high fat and sugar diet, the researchers found, abdominal fat produced more NPY along with its receptor, NPY2R. This stimulated angiogenesis in fat tissue and the proliferation of fat cells, resulting in more belly fat. Eventually, after 3 months of stress and a high fat and sugar diet, the mice developed a metabolic syndrome-like condition. Metabolic syndrome in people is linked to abdominal obesity and increases your chance for heart disease, diabetes and other health problems.
    The researchers then tested whether they could use NPY to manipulate fat levels. They put a pellet under the animals’ skin that releases NPY over a period of 14 days. The pellet increased the amount of fat tissue in both genetically obese and lean mice by 50%. By contrast, injections with a molecule that blocks NPY2R decreased the amount of fat tissue in both obese and lean mice by 50%. The NPY2R-blocking molecule, the researchers found, decreased the number of blood vessels and fat cells in abdominal fat pads. NPY, then, acting through NPY2R, stimulates angiogenesis and fat tissue growth.
    The researchers showed that NPY and its receptor also play a role in the growth of human fat cells. Other studies have found genetic evidence linking NPY and NPY2R to the regulation of obesity in people. Zukowska said, "We are hopeful that these findings might eventually lead to the control of metabolic syndrome, which is a huge health issue for many Americans."
    —by Harrison Wein, Ph.D.

    Source:
    http://www.nih.gov/news/research_mat...2007stress.htm

    Related Links:
    •Obesity:
    http://health.nih.gov/result.asp?dis...6&terms=weight
    •What are Overweight and Obesity?:
    http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/...e_whatare.html
    •What is Metabolic Syndrome?:
    http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/...ms_whatis.html

  4. #44
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    im not going to read your article because your completly wrong. how come other countrys are fatter then others. do we make people eat shit no they decide to and they no that they will be fat but they do it anyway becauser there lazy peices of shit

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    Quote Originally Posted by Fat Guy View Post
    This is a discriminatory and bigoted comment and illustrates the ignorance of behavior that happens to people with an addiction or an affliction. Thanks for the illustration of ignorance and I am sure you did not intend it to be the poster for a lack of knowledge for this problem but I could not have illustrated it any better myself. I am sure your intention was to be flippant but this is a perfect behavior of ignorant people towards a group of other socially unaccepted people… Thanks All you would need to do is replace the word “fat” with black, gay, jew, or whatever group you are targeting.
    First of all, it was a joke.

    Second of all, your remarks that "fat" could be replaced with "Jew, Black, etc." are completely illogical. Your race or religion is not the same as your CHOICE to not control your food intake or activity level.

    I understand that in some rare cases it may be a problem that cannot be controlled (metabolic problem, thyroid disease, etc.) but the majority of fat people eat like slobs and are just too f'n lazy to excercise.

    That isn't the same as race/religion at all.

    If you're a fat guy because you can't help it and you have one of these rare diseases, then I am genuinely sorry for you and I hope that you find treatment. If you are a fat guy because you eat shitty food constantly and dont get off the couch, then I have zero compassion for you; and I can only hope that I never get stuck next to you in an airplane, bus, or movie theatre.

  6. #46
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    Quote Originally Posted by 200byjune View Post
    im not going to read your article because your completly wrong. how come other countrys are fatter then others. do we make people eat shit no they decide to and they no that they will be fat but they do it anyway becauser there lazy peices of shit
    You might learn something…. And it may help you with you narrow perspective.

  7. #47
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    Quote Originally Posted by D-Unit 39 View Post
    First of all, it was a joke.

    Second of all, your remarks that "fat" could be replaced with "Jew, Black, etc." are completely illogical. Your race or religion is not the same as your CHOICE to not control your food intake or activity level.
    Religion is not a choice? (Rhetorical Question…)

  8. #48
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    Quote Originally Posted by Fat Guy View Post
    Religion is not a choice? (Rhetorical Question…)
    Touche

  9. #49
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    Quote Originally Posted by 200byjune View Post
    im not going to read your article because your completly wrong. how come other countrys are fatter then others. do we make people eat shit no they decide to and they no that they will be fat but they do it anyway becauser there lazy peices of shit
    We don't make them eat but look at all the crappy choices out there. Manufactures purposely make it so difficult to understand whats in todays food you almost need a college degree to understand it all.

  10. #50
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    Quote Originally Posted by DSM4Life View Post
    We don't make them eat but look at all the crappy choices out there. Manufactures purposely make it so difficult to understand whats in todays food you almost need a college degree to understand it all.
    i agree to an extent but like i said this is a never ending thing. btw DSM

  11. #51
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    even if it is an addiction (which im not saying it is) its still a choice. You are choosing to eat crap and not exercise. All Addicitons are a choice. Race and sexuality aren't.

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    Fat Guy, why do you keep pushing an obese agenda.

    honestly, i just dont get it. we're all fitness minded here, hell, you work out dont you?

    spew the obese is acceptable rhetoric to the proper audience, you sure as hell dont have it here.

    as far as im concerned, all you are doing is enjoying yourself institgating a ridiculous argument

  13. #53
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    Quote Originally Posted by gixxerboy1 View Post
    even if it is an addiction (which im not saying it is) its still a choice. You are choosing to eat crap and not exercise. All Addicitons are a choice. Race and sexuality aren't.
    I half agree with you I am i recovery just celabrated 13 years. Here it is If I make the choice to take a drink. I can NOT stop it is a disease I was born with it. Once I take a drink I can not stop I have to have it and I will do anything to get it .( I hope I have not broken any rules of the board. So If I choose to take a drink. Then my Choices are made for me.

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    Quote Originally Posted by dupa95 View Post
    I half agree with you I am i recovery just celabrated 13 years. Here it is If I make the choice to take a drink. I can NOT stop it is a disease I was born with it. Once I take a drink I can not stop I have to have it and I will do anything to get it .( I hope I have not broken any rules of the board. So If I choose to take a drink. Then my Choices are made for me.
    that still demonstrates willpower, even if obesity was an addiction, one that was biologically predisposed, you are an example that people can still choose to fight through their addiction. fatguy just wants to make it socially acceptable to have no willpower or self worth

  15. #55
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    ah sorry missed the point. As you know your goverment wants us fat and stupid.

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    Addicted to food? Yeh, I'm addicted, I mean, I have to eat it everyday, or else I'll die right? I think I'm addicted to water too...

  17. #57
    It is a choice. I was once a fat fvck and decided to CHOOSE to lose weight to be healthy again.

    I know many other people like this as well.

    If it wasn't a choice I, as well as many others, would still be fat.

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    FatGuy you have to be pulling your hair out right now ? haha

    I understand where you are coming from.

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    Quote Originally Posted by DSM4Life View Post
    FatGuy you have to be pulling your hair out right now ? haha

    I understand where you are coming from.
    your situation, while still being an obviously discriminated against minority, (a minority i support fully however) is irrelevant in this debate. Obesity and homosexuality are totally different things, they may share the common theme of discrimination, but there is nothing wrong with someone being homosexual....they live lives like any other heterosexual person. Obese people cost the taxpayer billions of dollars in healthcare costs all because they refuse to take responsibility for their diet.

    common theme of discrimination yes, comparable situations? no.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Amorphic View Post
    your situation, while still being an obviously discriminated against minority, (a minority i support fully however) is irrelevant in this debate. Obesity and homosexuality are totally different things, they may share the common theme of discrimination, but there is nothing wrong with someone being homosexual....they live lives like any other heterosexual person. Obese people cost the taxpayer billions of dollars in healthcare costs all because they refuse to take responsibility for their diet.

    common theme of discrimination yes, comparable situations? no.
    There's nothing wrong with being homosexual? Don't you know they ruin heterosexual marriages and degrade society?

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    Quote Originally Posted by LawMan018 View Post
    There's nothing wrong with being homosexual? Don't you know they ruin heterosexual marriages and degrade society?
    awww, my bad. do'h.

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    Quote Originally Posted by Amorphic View Post
    your situation, while still being an obviously discriminated against minority, (a minority i support fully however) is irrelevant in this debate. Obesity and homosexuality are totally different things, they may share the common theme of discrimination, but there is nothing wrong with someone being homosexual....they live lives like any other heterosexual person. Obese people cost the taxpayer billions of dollars in healthcare costs all because they refuse to take responsibility for their diet.

    common theme of discrimination yes, comparable situations? no.
    Talk about putting words in my mouth. I was in no way even trying to compare the two.

    My opinion without any scientific proof is this:

    I feel food company's play a HUGE part in how they market junk food. A lot of the time people think they are eating healthy due to misleading information from he manf. when in reality they are eating crap. I work in poor neighborhoods and guess what, its a lot cheaper to eat Mcdonalds everyday then buy healthy food. I see it everyday.

    On the flip side there are MANY people that are just outright lazy.

    Is it a addiction ? I don't know.

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    Quote Originally Posted by DSM4Life View Post
    Talk about putting words in my mouth. I was in no way even trying to compare the two.

    My opinion without any scientific proof is this:

    I feel food company's play a HUGE part in how they market junk food. A lot of the time people think they are eating healthy due to misleading information from he manf. when in reality they are eating crap. I work in poor neighborhoods and guess what, its a lot cheaper to eat Mcdonalds everyday then buy healthy food. I see it everyday.

    On the flip side there are MANY people that are just outright lazy.

    Is it a addiction ? I don't know.
    i wasnt trying to put words in your mouth, what i said was what i got out of your statement, obviously its kind of easy to see how i might have come to that conclusion.

    if you look at my earlier posts in this thread, i agree with you regarding the nutrition problems in most modern food, so we're obviously on the same page.
    Last edited by Amorphic; 04-13-2008 at 05:19 PM.

  24. #64
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    Quote Originally Posted by Amorphic View Post
    i wasnt trying to put words in your mouth, what i said was what i got out of your statement, obviously its kind of easy to see how i might have come to that conclusion.

    if you look at my earlier posts in this thread, i already commented on the nutrition problems in most modern food, so we're obviously on the same page.
    We are talking about food addiction/obesity, how would ones sexual orientation come into play here

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    Quote Originally Posted by DSM4Life View Post
    We are talking about food addiction/obesity, how would ones sexual orientation come into play here
    the title of the thread is regarding discrimination. thats what the point of this argument is about.

    Quote Originally Posted by DSM4Life View Post
    FatGuy you have to be pulling your hair out right now ? haha

    I understand where you are coming from.
    so lets see, the thread is about discrimination against obese people, since you're homosexual, i figured you were referring to being a minority group and 'knew where hes coming from'

    comprendé?

    if i misunderstood, thats fine, you clarified.

  26. #66
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    Quote Originally Posted by Amorphic View Post
    the title of the thread is regarding discrimination. thats what the point of this argument is about.



    so lets see, the thread is about discrimination against obese people, since you're homosexual, i figured you were referring to being a minority group and 'knew where hes coming from'

    comprendé?

    if i misunderstood, thats fine, you clarified.
    I can see your point. The confusion started since i wasn't even touching the discrimination part but more focused on the addiction side of the argument.

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    Quote Originally Posted by DSM4Life View Post
    I can see your point. The confusion started since i wasn't even touching the discrimination part but more focused on the addiction side of the argument.
    roger that.

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    It seems to me that the effort being put into this argument would be more effective elsewhere.

    Do we tell people who aren't drug addicts, "Hey, rec. drugs are a problem, you shouldn't discriminate against people who do them. Instead, you should be compassionate towards them and help them." ???

    No, the government realized that some of these drugs could cause major harm to society by their addictive nature, and made them illegal.

    THEY ASSIGNED CONSEQUENCES TO DOING SOMETHING DETRIMENTAL TO SOCIETY. They still offer rehab programs, yada yada yada, but they took action.

    Why not put the effort into educating people at a young age, and making it harder to get and to sell crappy food. Oh that's right, money is involved. If McDonald's and any other company who sold crappy food had to put enough money into the healthcare system to cover the costs of the obese people who eat it, things may be a little different.

    And as far as tolerance goes, this board as a whole is a hell of a lot more tolerant than most circles I'm involved in.

  29. #69
    Alright. If there is such thing as food addiction answer me this question.

    Why isn't everyone obese and addicted to food?

    I know there is a point in everyone's lives where they eat junk food, and I am sure it tastes good to them. However, they know by eating this food routinely they will become overweight, so they eat junk food in moderation. How come they aren't addicted? Simply because they have the willpower to realize it is unhealthy, despite how great the food tastes. There are trade offs everywhere. Fat people would just rather swim in a pile of food and not be able to get out of bed than attempt to be healthy.

    I have seen many people start smoking cigarettes once or twice...which becomes a habit, and turns into years. If food addiction is indeed a REAL thing, how come 100% of America's population isn't overweight? With your reasoning, this should be the case.

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    If I were the boss, I would only hire hot chicks.

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    It's amazing how this:
    Quote Originally Posted by *Narkissos* View Post
    ^^Constitutes 'flaming'.

    -CNS

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    I love the use of 'studies' in this thread.

    It's amazing.

    Just about any behaviour can be proven to be correlated to some pseudo-chemical disorder or the other.

    Amazing really.

    -C

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    Obesity...by choice

    (May 30, 2002) Bethesda, Md. – Scientists have long believed that in all animals (including humans), innate physiological ability exists to seek out sources of nutrients (minerals) deficient in the major food source available to them. Their beliefs originate from a series of studies in which test animals were allowed to choose from one container of each nutrient – leading to the identification of "nutritional wisdom.” These tests proved that there is a natural disposition to select a balanced diet with all necessary nutrients and suitable for the respective environment.

    Unfortunately, the nation’s soaring obesity rate offers evidence that in the animal kingdom, humans are flunking in their “nutritional wisdom.” Where nature fails to reduce weight, human ingenuity (and marketing) takes over – with a billion dollar industry advancing programs that entreat Americans to modify their habits and regain their “nutritional wisdom” and return to their “normal” and slimmer weight.

    This may not be so easy and overweight Americans may be throwing their money away. New study findings suggest that “nutritional wisdom” goes out the window when unhealthy food choices are more available than healthier nutrients. Tests with rodents found that the number of containers of each nutrient provided markedly influenced consumption rates. Most rats given a choice from separate sources of protein, carbohydrate, and fat thrived if given one cup of each but half failed to thrive if given one cup of each and three extra cups of carbohydrate or fat. Rats given five bottles of sucrose solution and one bottle of water became fatter than rats given five bottles of water and one of sucrose.

    These studies in rats may point to a model for human obesity, in which the availability of the wrong food can override physiological controls of ingestion. The author of "Obesity by choice: the powerful influence of nutrient availability on nutrient intake," is Michael G. Tordoff, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA. His findings appear in the current edition of The American Journal of Physiology -- Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology.

    Methodology and Findings This study consisted of two distinct experiments.

    (1) Influence of macronutrient choice on macronutrient selection: Thirty rats were given a choice between separate sources of solid carbohydrate (CHOW), fat, and protein, but in addition to these standard choices of nutrients, some rats received three “extra” cups of each. The experiment was terminated after eight days because four of seven rats given extra cups of carbohydrates and three of the seven given additional fat ate so little protein that they failed to survive. Providing rats with extra cups of carbohydrates or fat led to life-threatening protein malnutrition, even though the protein was freely available in the cages.

    Twenty-two rats used to consuming appropriate portions of protein were reassigned to three groups: one group had a balanced selection of nutrients, another had additional carbohydrates, and the third group was provided additional fat. After 20 days, the researchers found that the test animals consumed more of the additional nutrients made available, at a cost of a balanced diet.

    (2) Influence of sucrose solution choice on energy intake and obesity. This experiment attempt to influence the body weight of female rats through manipulating their access to a sucrose solution. Over a 35-day period, rats were either given just one bottle of water, or five bottles of water and one bottle of 32 percent sucrose solution, and the third group received one bottle of water and five bottles of the sucrose solution.

    The researchers found that the rats with five sucrose bottles drank significantly more sucrose and consumed more energy than did those with one bottle of sucrose. The rats with the most available sucrose decreased their food intake of other nutrients yet gained more weight as a result of their additional sugar intake. After 33 days, the control group (no sucrose) gained the least amount of fat; for the two other groups, fat increase responded to the corresponding availability of sucrose.

    Conclusions
    The results reveal that the more sources of a nutrient a rat has, the more it chooses to eat. The effect of nutrient availability is so powerful it overrides the healthy physiological controls of food intake. This study requires that the concept of “nutritional wisdom” be re-examined because previous studies do not consider when multiple choices of each nutrient are available.

    The researchers believe that this availability-based compensation is related to the “variety effect” associated with a previous study where rats given foods of different flavors or textures overconsume relative to those provided food of one type. However, other studies have found that the variety effect may only have a transient effect and not lead to obesity. This study presents an argument that simply providing multiple sources of food stimulates intake and thus may contribute to, and in some cases account for, the variety effect.

    The findings in this study have long-term and significant relevance for animal husbandry, wildlife management, and the supermarket shopping habits for millions of Americans. In the last decade, the focus on controlling obesity has been on the physiological causes for this disorder – all possibility attributed to genetic makeup, hormonal differences, and neurotransmitters involved in ingestion and body weight. These findings suggest that this may be the wrong direction for addressing obesity. Availability of food, and not the physiological actions of the body, is the culprit of “obesity by choice.”


    Source: American Journal of Physiology -- Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, May 2002.

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    Quote Originally Posted by *Narkissos* View Post
    Obesity...by choice

    (May 30, 2002) Bethesda, Md. – Scientists have long believed that in all animals (including humans), innate physiological ability exists to seek out sources of nutrients (minerals) deficient in the major food source available to them. Their beliefs originate from a series of studies in which test animals were allowed to choose from one container of each nutrient – leading to the identification of "nutritional wisdom.” These tests proved that there is a natural disposition to select a balanced diet with all necessary nutrients and suitable for the respective environment.

    Unfortunately, the nation’s soaring obesity rate offers evidence that in the animal kingdom, humans are flunking in their “nutritional wisdom.” Where nature fails to reduce weight, human ingenuity (and marketing) takes over – with a billion dollar industry advancing programs that entreat Americans to modify their habits and regain their “nutritional wisdom” and return to their “normal” and slimmer weight.

    This may not be so easy and overweight Americans may be throwing their money away. New study findings suggest that “nutritional wisdom” goes out the window when unhealthy food choices are more available than healthier nutrients. Tests with rodents found that the number of containers of each nutrient provided markedly influenced consumption rates. Most rats given a choice from separate sources of protein, carbohydrate, and fat thrived if given one cup of each but half failed to thrive if given one cup of each and three extra cups of carbohydrate or fat. Rats given five bottles of sucrose solution and one bottle of water became fatter than rats given five bottles of water and one of sucrose.

    These studies in rats may point to a model for human obesity, in which the availability of the wrong food can override physiological controls of ingestion. The author of "Obesity by choice: the powerful influence of nutrient availability on nutrient intake," is Michael G. Tordoff, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA. His findings appear in the current edition of The American Journal of Physiology -- Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology.

    Methodology and Findings This study consisted of two distinct experiments.

    (1) Influence of macronutrient choice on macronutrient selection: Thirty rats were given a choice between separate sources of solid carbohydrate (CHOW), fat, and protein, but in addition to these standard choices of nutrients, some rats received three “extra” cups of each. The experiment was terminated after eight days because four of seven rats given extra cups of carbohydrates and three of the seven given additional fat ate so little protein that they failed to survive. Providing rats with extra cups of carbohydrates or fat led to life-threatening protein malnutrition, even though the protein was freely available in the cages.

    Twenty-two rats used to consuming appropriate portions of protein were reassigned to three groups: one group had a balanced selection of nutrients, another had additional carbohydrates, and the third group was provided additional fat. After 20 days, the researchers found that the test animals consumed more of the additional nutrients made available, at a cost of a balanced diet.

    (2) Influence of sucrose solution choice on energy intake and obesity. This experiment attempt to influence the body weight of female rats through manipulating their access to a sucrose solution. Over a 35-day period, rats were either given just one bottle of water, or five bottles of water and one bottle of 32 percent sucrose solution, and the third group received one bottle of water and five bottles of the sucrose solution.

    The researchers found that the rats with five sucrose bottles drank significantly more sucrose and consumed more energy than did those with one bottle of sucrose. The rats with the most available sucrose decreased their food intake of other nutrients yet gained more weight as a result of their additional sugar intake. After 33 days, the control group (no sucrose) gained the least amount of fat; for the two other groups, fat increase responded to the corresponding availability of sucrose.

    Conclusions
    The results reveal that the more sources of a nutrient a rat has, the more it chooses to eat. The effect of nutrient availability is so powerful it overrides the healthy physiological controls of food intake. This study requires that the concept of “nutritional wisdom” be re-examined because previous studies do not consider when multiple choices of each nutrient are available.

    The researchers believe that this availability-based compensation is related to the “variety effect” associated with a previous study where rats given foods of different flavors or textures overconsume relative to those provided food of one type. However, other studies have found that the variety effect may only have a transient effect and not lead to obesity. This study presents an argument that simply providing multiple sources of food stimulates intake and thus may contribute to, and in some cases account for, the variety effect.

    The findings in this study have long-term and significant relevance for animal husbandry, wildlife management, and the supermarket shopping habits for millions of Americans. In the last decade, the focus on controlling obesity has been on the physiological causes for this disorder – all possibility attributed to genetic makeup, hormonal differences, and neurotransmitters involved in ingestion and body weight. These findings suggest that this may be the wrong direction for addressing obesity. Availability of food, and not the physiological actions of the body, is the culprit of “obesity by choice.”


    Source: American Journal of Physiology -- Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, May 2002.

  35. #75
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    oh please get real, now we are talking about how the smell of food can change brain chemicals.

    so if some 40 year old man walking down the sidewalk sees a good looking 15 year old girl doesnt mean he can rape her. you cant say that because he had high testosterone levels he wanted to. come on. it is a choice.

    often i find with most younger over weight people is they are poorly misguided as tohow to lose the weight, alot will put the effort in but do the wrong thing for to long with no result and become dis heartened then when older they will stop caring and trying.

    just because something seems tempting doesnt make it right.

    if you have a powerful speedbike and the road looks perfect but your going through a school zone doesnt mean you should be allowed to go 150.

    saying fat people are addicted to food and theyre braisn cant help the smell of food is ridicoulous.

    to me that sounds like roid rage. sure some people may feel more agressive but it doesnt make you make the choice to act foolishly on those feelings.

    same applies to food, the burger may be tempting for lunch but no one made you pick it.

  36. #76
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    Theres a big difference between temptation, feelings, and then making a decision to act on those feelings.

    So if someone on anabloic steroids decides to assault someone, then decide to blame the steroids onhis actions saying there is studies shown to increase agressive feelings.

    He made the choice to act agressive not the steroids.

    Same as the obese person, they chose the food and they chose the portion size.
    Last edited by bigt10; 04-13-2008 at 11:55 PM.

  37. #77
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    agreed

  38. #78
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    Quote Originally Posted by Fat Guy View Post
    Can’t be hating on the overweight, big boned, weight challenged, dietary deficit, Big people or any other name you want to call it or you might find yourself in some legal trouble… Here’s the story… Enjoy!


    Friday, Apr. 11, 2008
    The Obese Feel More Discrimination
    By Alice Park
    As obesity rates continue to rise in the U.S., so might our acceptance of those who are overweight. But a new study from Yale University suggests the converse trend: rather than feeling tolerance in our society, the overweight and obese say they feel more heavily discriminated against now than they did a decade ago.
    Led by Tatiana Andreyeva, a postdoctoral research associate at Yale's Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, a team of researchers questioned 1,100 subjects, aged 35 to 74, twice over a 10-year span (once between 1995 and 1996, and again between 2004 and 2006). The respondents answered 11 questions about whether they had been discriminated against in the context of common life experiences — including applying to college or for a scholarship, renting or buying a home in a neighborhood they desired, applying for a bank loan or dealing with police. Participants answered nine additional questions about everyday experiences, such as how they were treated in restaurants, and whether they had encountered name-calling, harassment or threats. The subjects were asked to indicate the reasons they felt they had been discriminated against (facing police harassment, for example, or being denied bank loans), whether it was because of age, gender, race, height or weight, physical disability, sexual orientation or religion. Between the two survey periods, the rate of discrimination due to height or weight increased from 7% of respondents to 12% of respondents. (The scientists determined separately that the people who reported discrimination due to height or weight were also more likely than other participants to be overweight or obese.)
    The study is one of the first to track patterns of discrimination based on weight. It's worth noting, however, that the survey relied on people's own perception of discrimination — the authors did not require the subjects to document bias in any way. In addition, the authors found that rates of discrimination by age and gender also increased in the same time period, suggesting that several forms of bias — or perhaps sensitivity to perceived bias — is on the rise overall, not just against the overweight. Nevertheless, the study did track the same population over time, and Andreyeva says that an increase even in people's perceived sense of maltreatment is an important measure of our society's attitudes. In this report, weight ranked third behind age and race as the most common form of prejudice. "If a person perceives he is being discriminated against," Andreyeva says, "it might have significant consequences for his or her health and mental health. Even the perception of discrimination can be important because it is self-perpetuating." And if rates of weight discrimination are indeed on the rise, say the authors, then it's up to society to mandate legal protections for those who are overweight, just as laws protect people from discrimination by race, gender, disability and age.

    •Find this article at:
    http://www.time.com/time/health/arti...730150,00.html
    ^^Now.. I have no problem with the article.

    Whether fat people have the same right as other people has never been a question in my mind.. Ergo, the article IMO is redundant.

    That being said, it is obvious that the thread-originator intended to 'stir the pot', because instead of simply posting the thread with the actual article title, he posted it... referencing 'AandF', who posted negative views geared toward fat people.. Specifically the lazy excuse-making type of fat people.

    It is this obviously antagonistic action which pre-empted the discussion which erupted on this thread.

    What is amazing is that the obviously jovial replies in response to the thread, got censored as 'flaming'.

    One-sided IMO... and authoritarian.

    -Narkissos

  39. #79
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    Quote Originally Posted by *Narkissos* View Post
    ^^Now.. I have no problem with the article.

    Whether fat people have the same right as other people has never been a question in my mind.. Ergo, the article IMO is redundant.

    That being said, it is obvious that the thread-originator intended to 'stir the pot', because instead of simply posting the thread with the actual article title, he posted it... referencing 'AandF', who posted negative views geared toward fat people.. Specifically the lazy excuse-making type of fat people.

    It is this obviously antagonistic action which pre-empted the discussion which erupted on this thread.

    What is amazing is that the obviously jovial replies in response to the thread, got censored as 'flaming'.

    One-sided IMO... and authoritarian.

    -Narkissos
    Staatspolizei!

  40. #80
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    ha, AandF hates fat people for sure.

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