Soooooooo i got tired of arguing and pleading my case w/ everyone and hearing a different time frame from everyone that thinks they know the reconstitued life of Serostim.
My gf is an MD and i had here look online @ statref; which is an online medical compilation of all medical journals published that is accessable only by physicians.
below you will find all avaible info and reconstituted lives of different brands of gh. This of course is from statref, which sites Mosbys drug book 2005, 25th edition for it's source for this particular info. Unless you know something the worlds leading researchers and scientists don't know this is what goes. No if's or buts.
If you scroll down to the bottm of each GH that is reviewed it states the life of it and storage recomendations.
Somatropin, Biosynthetic
INTRODUCTION
Pronounciation: soe-ma-troe'-pin
Ingredients: Somatropin, Biosynthetic
FDA Approval Date: 1987-03-01
HCFA JCODE(S): J2941
Foreign Brand Availability: Genotropin (US); Genotropin Miniquick (US); Growject BC (JAPAN); Humatrope (US); Norditropin (US); Norditropin Cartridge (US); Norditropin S (JAPAN); Norditropin Simplexx (GERMANY); Nutropin (US); Nutropin AQ (EUROPE; US; CANADA); Nutropin Depot (US); Saizen (US); Scitropin (HONG-KONG; PHILIPPINES; SINGAPORE); Serostim (US); Zorbtive (US)
Drug Class: Hormones/hormone modifiers; Recombinant DNA Origin
Pregnancy Categories: B
Indications: Growth failure, secondary to growth hormone deficiency; Short bowel syndrome; Growth failure, secondary to small for gestational age; Growth failure, secondary to Prader-Willi syndrome; Growth hormone deficiency; Short stature, secondary to Turner syndrome; Short stature, idiopathic; Growth failure, secondary to chronic renal failure; Wasting, secondary to HIV; Cachexia, secondary to HIV
Off Label Uses: None found
Cost of Therapy: $1,480.47 (CRF Growth Failure; 5 mg/ml; 2 ml; Nutropin AQ Injection Solution; 7 mg/week (divided; 20 Kg BW); 28 day supply) $528.76 (GHD-Adults (initial therapy); 5 mg/vial; Nutropin Powder for Injection; 2.5 mg/week (divided doses); 28 day supply) $609.12 (GHD-Children; 5 mg/vial; Humatrope; 3 mg/week (divided; 16 KgBW); 28 day supply) $1,057.52 (GHD-Children; 5 mg/vial; Nutropin Powder for Injection; 5 mg/week (divided; 16 KgBW); 28 day supply) $1,079.08 (GHD-Children; 22.5 mg/vial; Nutropin Depot; 22.5 mg/month (16 Kg BW); 28 day supply) $2,114.96 (GHD-Children; 5 mg/ml; 2 ml; Nutropin AQ Injection Solution; 10 mg/week (divided; 32 Kg BW); 28 day supply) $2,114.96 (Turner's Syndrome; 5 mg/ml; 2 ml; Nutropin AQ Injection Solution; 10 mg/week (divided; 27.5 Kg BW); 28 day supply)
BRAND NAME: GENOTROPIN
DESCRIPTION
Genotropin lyophilized powder contains somatropin [rDNA origin], which is a polypeptide hormone of recombinant DNA origin. It has 191 amino acid residues and a molecular weight of 22,124 daltons. The amino acid sequence of the product is identical to that of human growth hormone of pituitary origin (somatropin). Genotropin is synthesized in a strain of Escherichia coli that has been modified by the addition of the gene for human growth hormone. Genotropin is a sterile white lyophilized powder intended for SC injection.
Genotropin 1.5 mg is dispensed in a two-chamber cartridge. The front chamber contains recombinant somatropin 1.5 mg (approximately 4.5 IU), glycine 27.6 mg, sodium dihydrogen phosphate anhydrous 0.3 mg, and disodium phosphate anhydrous 0.3 mg; the rear chamber contains 1.13 ml water for injection.
Genotropin 5.8 mg is dispensed in a two-chamber cartridge. The front chamber contains recombinant somatropin 5.8 mg (approximately 17.4 IU), glycine 2.2 mg, mannitol 1.8 mg, sodium dihydrogen phosphate anhydrous 0.32 mg, and disodium phosphate anhydrous 0.31 mg; the rear chamber contains 0.3% m-Cresol (as a preservative) and mannitol 45 mg in 1.14 ml water for injection.
Genotropin 13.8 mg is dispensed in a two-chamber cartridge. The front chamber contains recombinant somatropin 13.8 mg (approximately 41.4 IU), glycine 2.3 mg, mannitol 14.0 mg, sodium dihydrogen phosphate anhydrous 0.47 mg, and disodium phosphate anhydrous 0.46 mg; the rear chamber contains 0.3% m-Cresol (as a preservative) and mannitol 32 mg in 1.13 ml water for injection.
Genotropin Miniquick is dispensed as a single-use syringe device containing a two-chamber cartridge. Genotropin Miniquick is available as individual doses of 0.2 to 2.0 mg in 0.2-mg increments. The front chamber contains recombinant somatropin 0.22 to 2.2 mg (approximately 0.66 to 6.6 IU), glycine 0.23 mg, mannitol 1.14 mg, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.05 mg, and disodium phosphate anhydrous 0.027 mg; the rear chamber contains mannitol 12.6 mg in water for injection 0.275 ml.
Genotropin is a highly purified preparation. The reconstituted recombinant somatropin solution has an osmolality of approximately 300 mOsm/kg, and a pH of approximately 6.7. The concentration of the reconstituted solution varies by strength and presentation (see HOW SUPPLIED).
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
In vitro, preclinical, and clinical tests have demonstrated that Genotropin lyophilized powder is therapeutically equivalent to human growth hormone of pituitary origin and achieves similar pharmacokinetic profiles in normal adults. In pediatric patients who have growth hormone deficiency (GHD) or Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), or who were born small for gestational age (SGA), treatment with Genotropin stimulates linear growth. In patients with GHD or PWS, treatment with Genotropin also normalizes concentrations of IGF-I (Insulin-like Growth Factor-I/Somatomedin C). In adults with GHD, treatment with Genotropin results in reduced fat mass, increased lean body mass, metabolic alterations that include beneficial changes in lipid metabolism, and normalization of IGF-I concentrations.
In addition, the following actions have been demonstrated for Genotropin and/or somatropin. Tissue Growth: Skeletal Growth: Genotropin stimulates skeletal growth in pediatric patients with GHD, PWS, or SGA. The measurable increase in body length after administration of Genotropin results from an effect on the epiphyseal plates of long bones. Concentrations of IGF-I, which may play a role in skeletal growth, are generally low in the serum of pediatric patients with GHD, PWS, or SGA, but tend to increase during treatment with Genotropin. Elevations in mean serum alkaline phosphatase concentration are also seen.
Cell Growth: It has been shown that there are fewer skeletal muscle cells in short-statured pediatric patients who lack endogenous growth hormone as compared with the normal pediatric population. Treatment with somatropin results in an increase in both the number and size of muscle cells.
Protein Metabolism: Linear growth is facilitated in part by increased cellular protein synthesis. Nitrogen retention, as demonstrated by decreased urinary nitrogen excretion and serum urea nitrogen, follows the initiation of therapy with Genotropin.
Carbohydrate Metabolism: Pediatric patients with hypopituitarism sometimes experience fasting hypoglycemia that is improved by treatment with Genotropin. Large doses of growth hormone may impair glucose tolerance.
Lipid Metabolism: In GHD patients, administration of somatropin has resulted in lipid mobilization, reduction in body fat stores, and increased plasma fatty acids.
Mineral Metabolism: Somatropin induces retention of sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. Serum concentrations of inorganic phosphate are increased in patients with GHD after therapy with Genotropin. Serum calcium is not significantly altered by Genotropin. Growth hormone could increase calciuria.
Body Composition: Adult GHD patients treated with Genotropin at the recommended adult dose (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION) demonstrate a decrease in fat mass and an increase in lean body mass. When these alterations are coupled with the increase in total body water, the overall effect of Genotropin is to modify body composition, an effect that is maintained with continued treatment.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Absorption
Following a 0.03 mg/kg SC injection in the thigh of 1.3 mg/ml Genotropin to adult GHD patients, approximately 80% of the dose was systemically available as compared with that available following IV dosing. Results were comparable in both male and female patients. Similar bioavailability has been observed in healthy adult male subjects.
In healthy adult males, following an SC injection in the thigh of 0.03 mg/kg, the extent of absorption (AUC) of a concentration of 5.3 mg/ml Genotropin was 35% greater than that for 1.3 mg/ml Genotropin. The mean (± standard deviation) peak (Cmax) serum levels were 23.0 (±9.4) ng/ml and 17.4 (±9.2) ng/ml, respectively.
In a similar study involving pediatric GHD patients, 5.3 mg/ml Genotropin yielded a mean AUC that was 17% greater than that for 1.3 mg/ml Genotropin. The mean Cmax levels were 21.0 ng/ml and 16.3 ng/ml, respectively.
Adult GHD patients received 2 single SC doses of 0.03 mg/kg of Genotropin at a concentration of 1.3 mg/ml, with a 1- to 4-week washout period between injections. Mean Cmax levels were 12.4 ng/ml (first injection) and 12.2 ng/ml (second injection), achieved at approximately 6 hours after dosing.
There are no data on the bioequivalence between the 12-mg/ml formulation and either the 1.3-mg/ml or the 5.3-mg/ml formulations.
Distribution
The mean volume of distribution of Genotropin following administration to GHD adults was estimated to be 1.3 (± 0.8) L/kg.
Metabolism
The metabolic fate of Genotropin involves classical protein catabolism in both the liver and kidneys. In renal cells, at least a portion of the breakdown products are returned to the systemic circulation. The mean terminal half-life of IV Genotropin in normal adults is 0.4 hours, whereas subcutaneously administered Genotropin has a half-life of 3.0 hours in GHD adults. The observed difference is due to slow absorption from the SC injection site.
Excretion
The mean clearance of subcutaneously administered Genotropin in 16 GHD adult patients was 0.3 (± 0.11) L/h/kg.
Special Populations
Pediatric: The pharmacokinetics of Genotropin are similar in GHD pediatric and adult patients.
Gender: No gender studies have been performed in pediatric patients; however, in GHD adults, the absolute bioavailability of Genotropin was similar in males and females.
Race: No studies have been conducted with Genotropin to assess pharmacokinetic differences among races.
Renal or Hepatic Insufficiency: No studies have been conducted with Genotropin in these patient populations.
See TABLE 1 Mean SC Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Adult GHD Patients
CLINICAL STUDIES
ADULT PATIENTS WITH GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY (GHD)
Genotropin lyophilized powder was compared with placebo in six randomized clinical trials involving a total of 172 adult GHD patients. These trials included a 6-month double-blind treatment period, during which 85 patients received Genotropin and 87 patients received placebo, followed by an open-label treatment period in which participating patients received Genotropin for up to a total of 24 months. Genotropin was administered as a daily SC injection at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg/wk for the first month of treatment and 0.08 mg/kg/wk for subsequent months.
Beneficial changes in body composition were observed at the end of the 6-month treatment period for the patients receiving Genotropin as compared with the placebo patients. Lean body mass, total body water, and lean/fat ratio increased while total body fat mass and waist circumference decreased. These effects on body composition were maintained when treatment was continued beyond 6 months. Bone mineral density declined after 6 months of treatment but returned to baseline values after 12 months of treatment.
PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME (PWS)
The safety and efficacy of Genotropin in the treatment of pediatric patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) were evaluated in two randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trials. Patients received either Genotropin or no treatment for the first year of the studies, while all patients received Genotropin during the second year. Genotropin was administered as a daily SC injection, and the dose was calculated for each patient every 3 months. In Study 1, the treatment group received Genotropin at a dose of 0.24 mg/kg/wk during the entire study. During the second year, the control group received Genotropin at a dose of 0.48 mg/kg/wk. In Study 2, the treatment group received Genotropin at a dose of 0.36 mg/kg/wk during the entire study. During the second year, the control group received Genotropin at a dose of 0.36 mg/kg/wk.
Patients who received Genotropin showed significant increases in linear growth during the first year of study, compared with patients who received no treatment (see TABLE 2). Linear growth continued to increase in the second year, when both groups received treatment with Genotropin.
See TABLE 2 Efficacy of Genotropin in Pediatric Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome (Mean ± SD)
Changes in body composition were also observed in the patients receiving Genotropin (see TABLE 3). These changes included a decrease in the amount of fat mass, and increases in the amount of lean body mass and the ratio of lean-to-fat tissue, while changes in body weight were similar to those seen in patients who received no treatment. Treatment with Genotropin did not accelerate bone age, compared with patients who received no treatment.
See TABLE 3 Effect of Genotropin on Body Composition in Pediatric Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome (Mean ± SD)
PEDIATRIC PATIENTS BORN SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (SGA) WHO FAIL TO MANIFEST CATCH-UP GROWTH BY AGE 2
The safety and efficacy of Genotropin in the treatment of children born small for gestational age (SGA) were evaluated in 4 randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trials. Patients (age range of 2-8 years) were observed for 12 months before being randomized to receive either Genotropin (2 doses per study, most often 0.24 and 0.48 mg/kg/wk) as a daily SC injection or no treatment for the first 24 months of the studies. After 24 months in the studies, all patients received Genotropin.
Patients who received any dose of Genotropin showed significant increases in growth during the first 24 months of study, compared with patients who received no treatment (see TABLE 4). Children receiving 0.48 mg/kg/wk demonstrated a significant improvement in height standard deviation score (SDS) compared with children treated with 0.24 mg/kg/wk. Both of these doses resulted in a slower but constant increase in growth between months 24-72 (data not shown).
See TABLE 4 Efficacy of Genotropin in Children Born Small for Gestational Age (Mean ± SD)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Genotropin lyophilized powder is indicated for:
Long-term treatment of pediatric patients who have growth failure due to an inadequate secretion of endogenous growth hormone.
Long-term treatment of pediatric patients who have growth failure due to Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The diagnosis of PWS should be confirmed by appropriate genetic testing (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).
Long-term treatment of growth failure in children born small for gestational age (SGA) who fail to manifest catch-up growth by age 2.
Other causes of short stature in pediatric patients should be excluded.
Long-term replacement therapy in adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) of either childhood- or adult-onset etiology. GHD should be confirmed by an appropriate growth hormone stimulation test.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Genotropin lyophilized powder should not be used when there is any evidence of neoplastic activity. Intracranial lesions must be inactive and antitumor therapy complete prior to the institution of therapy. Genotropin should be discontinued if there is evidence of tumor growth. Growth hormone should not be used for growth promotion in pediatric patients with fused epiphyses.
Growth hormone should not be initiated to treat patients with acute critical illness due to complications following open heart or abdominal surgery, multiple accidental trauma, or to patients having acute respiratory failure. Two placebo-controlled clinical trials in non-growth hormone deficient adult patients (n=522) with these conditions revealed a significant increase in mortality (41.9% vs 19.3%) among somatropin treated patients (doses 5.3-8 mg/day) compared to those receiving placebo (see WARNINGS).
Growth hormone is contraindicated in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome who are severely obese or have severe respiratory impairment (see WARNINGS).
WARNINGS
The 5.8- and 13.8-mg presentations of Genotropin lyophilized powder contain m-Cresol as a preservative. These products should not be used by patients with a known sensitivity to this preservative. The Genotropin 1.5-mg and Genotropin Miniquick presentations are preservative-free (see HOW SUPPLIED).
See CONTRAINDICATIONS for information on increased mortality in patients with acute critical illnesses in intensive care units due to complications following open heart or abdominal surgery, multiple accidental trauma, or with acute respiratory failure. The safety of continuing growth hormone treatment in patients receiving replacement doses for approved indications who concurrently develop these illnesses has not been established. Therefore, the potential benefit of treatment continuation with growth hormone in patients having acute critical illnesses should be weighed against the potential risk.
There have been reports of fatalities after initiating therapy with growth hormone in pediatric patients with Prader-Willi syndrome who had one or more of the following risk factors: severe obesity, history of upper airway obstruction or sleep apnea, or unidentified respiratory infection. Male patients with one or more of these factors may be at greater risk than females. Patients with Prader-Willi syndrome should be evaluated for signs of upper airway obstruction and sleep apnea before initiation of treatment with growth hormone. If during treatment with growth hormone patients show signs of upper airway obstruction (including onset of or increased snoring) and/or new onset sleep apnea, treatment should be interrupted. All patients with Prader-Willi syndrome treated with growth hormone should also have effective weight control and be monitored for signs of respiratory infections, which should be diagnosed as early as possible and treated aggressively (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).
PRECAUTIONS
GENERAL
Treatment with Genotropin lyophilized powder, as with other growth hormone preparations, should be directed by physicians who are experienced in the diagnosis and management of patients with GHD or Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), or those who were born small for gestational age (SGA).
Patients and caregivers who will administer Genotropin in medically unsupervised situations should receive appropriate training and instruction on the proper use of Genotropin from the physician or other suitably qualified health professional.
Patients with GHD secondary to an intracranial lesion should be examined frequently for progression or recurrence of the underlying disease process. Review of literature reports of pediatric use of somatropin replacement therapy reveals no relationship between this therapy and recurrence of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. In adults, it is unknown whether there is any relationship between somatropin treatment and CNS tumor recurrence.
Patients should be monitored carefully for any malignant transformation of skin lesions.
Caution should be used if growth hormone is administered to patients with diabetes mellitus, and insulin dosage may need to be adjusted. Patients with diabetes or glucose intolerance should be monitored closely during treatment with Genotropin. Patients with risk factors for glucose intolerance, such as obesity (including obese patients with PWS) or a family history of Type 2 diabetes, should be monitored closely as well. Because growth hormone may induce a state of insulin resistance, patients should be observed for evidence of glucose intolerance.
In patients with hypopituitarism (multiple hormonal deficiencies) standard hormonal replacement therapy should be monitored closely when treatment with Genotropin is instituted. Hypothyroidism may develop during treatment with Genotropin, and inadequate treatment of hypothyroidism may prevent optimal response to Genotropin. Therefore, patients should have periodic thyroid function tests and be treated with thyroid hormone when indicated.
Pediatric patients with endocrine disorders, including GHD, have a higher incidence of slipped capital femoral epiphyses. Any pediatric patient with the onset of a limp or complaints of hip or knee pain during growth hormone therapy should be evaluated.
Progression of scoliosis can occur in patients who experience rapid growth. Because growth hormone increases growth rate, patients with a history of scoliosis who are treated with growth hormone should be monitored for progression of scoliosis. However, growth hormone has not been shown to increase the incidence of scoliosis. Scoliosis is commonly seen in untreated patients with PWS. Physicians should be alert to this abnormality, which may manifest during growth hormone therapy.
Intracranial hypertension (IH) with papilledema, visual changes, headache, nausea and/or vomiting has been reported in a small number of patients treated with growth hormone products. Symptoms usually occurred within the first 8 weeks of the initiation of growth hormone therapy. In all reported cases, IH-associated signs and symptoms resolved after termination of therapy or a reduction of the growth hormone dose. Funduscopic examination of patients is recommended at the initiation, and periodically during the course of, growth hormone therapy. Patients with PWS may be at increased risk for development of IH.
Before continuing treatment as an adult, a post-pubertal GHD patient who received growth hormone replacement therapy in childhood should be reevaluated with proper testing as described in INDICATIONS AND USAGE. If continued treatment is appropriate, Genotropin should be administered at the reduced dose level recommended for adult GHD patients.
CARCINOGENESIS, MUTAGENESIS, AND IMPAIRMENT OF FERTILITY
Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with rhGH. No potential mutagenicity of rhGH was revealed in a battery of tests including induction of gene mutations in bacteria (the Ames test), gene mutations in mammalian cells grown in vitro (mouse L5178Y cells), and chromosomal damage in intact animals (bone marrow cells in rats). See Pregnancy Category B for effect on fertility.
PREGNANCY CATEGORY B
Reproduction studies carried out with Genotropin at doses of 0.3, 1, and 3.3 mg/kg/day administered SC in the rat and 0.08, 0.3, and 1.3 mg/kg/day administered intramuscularly in the rabbit (highest doses approximately 24 times and 19 times the recommended human therapeutic levels, respectively, based on body surface area) resulted in decreased maternal body weight gains but were not teratogenic. In rats receiving SC doses during gametogenesis and up to 7 days of pregnancy, 3.3 mg/kg/day (approximately 24 times human dose) produced anestrus or extended estrus cycles in females and fewer and less motile sperm in males. When given to pregnant female rats (Days 1-7 of gestation) at 3.3 mg/kg/day a very slight increase in fetal deaths was observed. At 1 mg/kg/day (approximately 7 times human dose) rats showed slightly extended estrus cycles, whereas at 0.3 mg/kg/day no effects were noted.
In perinatal and postnatal studies in rats, Genotropin doses of 0.3, 1, and 3.3 mg/kg/day produced growth-promoting effects in the dams but not in the fetuses. Young rats at the highest dose showed increased weight gain during suckling but the effect was not apparent by 10 weeks of age. No adverse effects were observed on gestation, morphogenesis, parturition, lactation, postnatal development, or reproductive capacity of the offsprings due to Genotropin. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
NURSING MOTHERS
There have been no studies conducted with Genotropin in nursing mothers. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Genotropin is administered to a nursing woman.
GERIATRIC USE
The safety and effectiveness of Genotropin in patients aged 65 and over has not been evaluated in clinical studies. Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the action of Genotropin and may be more prone to develop adverse reactions.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Concomitant glucocorticoid treatment may inhibit the growth-promoting effect of growth hormone. Pediatric GHD patients with coexisting ACTH deficiency should have their glucocorticoid replacement dose carefully adjusted to avoid an inhibitory effect on growth (see also PRECAUTIONS, General). Limited published data indicate that growth hormone treatment increases cytochrome P450 (CP450) mediated antipyrine clearance in man. These data suggest that growth hormone administration may alter the clearance of compounds known to be metabolized by CP450 liver enzymes (e.g., corticosteroids, sex steroids, anticonvulsants, cyclosporine). Careful monitoring is advisable when growth hormone is administered in combination with other drugs known to be metabolized by CP450 liver enzymes.
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Originally Posted by JAMIE720
