PDF of Low T studies

[Nestor Otto Sewell]

Anybody know where I can get PDF's of these studies. I am not finding them online.


Recent studies have demonstrated that low testosterone in men is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (Miner and Seftel 2007)

Restoring testosterone to youthful ranges in middle-aged, obese men resulted in an increase in insulin sensitivity as well as a reduction in total cholesterol, fat mass, waist circumference and pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with atherosclerosis, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome (Kapoor et al 2006, Malkin et al 2004, Heufelder et al 2009).

Testosterone therapy also significantly improved erectile function (Fukui 2007)

and improved functional capacity, or the ability to perform physical activity without severe duress, in men with heart failure (Malkin et al 2007).

Please and thank you.

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Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes.
Kapoor D, Goodwin E, Channer KS, Jones TH.
Source
Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barnsley NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Gawber Road, Barnsley S75 2EP, UK.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Low levels of testosterone in men have been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes, visceral adiposity, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome. We investigated the effect of testosterone treatment on insulin resistance and glycaemic control in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes.
DESIGN:
This was a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in 24 hypogonadal men (10 treated with insulin) over the age of 30 years with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS:
Patients were treated with i.m. testosterone 200 mg every 2 weeks or placebo for 3 months in random order, followed by a washout period of 1 month before the alternate treatment phase. The primary outcomes were changes in fasting insulin sensitivity (as measured by homeostatic model index (HOMA) in those not on insulin), fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin. The secondary outcomes were changes in body composition, fasting lipids and blood pressure. Statistical analysis was performed on the delta values, with the treatment effect of placebo compared against the treatment effect of testosterone.
RESULTS:
Testosterone therapy reduced the HOMA index (-1.73 +/- 0.67, P = 0.02, n = 14), indicating an improved fasting insulin sensitivity. Glycated haemoglobin was also reduced (-0.37 +/- 0.17%, P = 0.03), as was the fasting blood glucose (-1.58 +/- 0.68 mmol/l, P = 0.03). Testosterone treatment resulted in a reduction in visceral adiposity as assessed by waist circumference (-1.63 +/- 0.71 cm, P = 0.03) and waist/hip ratio (-0.03 +/- 0.01, P = 0.01). Total cholesterol decreased with testosterone therapy (-0.4 +/- 0.17 mmol/l, P = 0.03) but no effect on blood pressure was observed.
CONCLUSIONS:
Testosterone replacement therapy reduces insulin resistance and improves glycaemic control in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Improvements in glycaemic control, insulin resistance, cholesterol and visceral adiposity together represent an overall reduction in cardiovascular risk.

The relationship between testosterone levels , the metabolic syndrome (by two criteria), and insulin resistance in a population of men with organic erectile dysfunction.
Guay A, Jacobson J.
Source
Department of Endocrinology/Center for Sexual Function, Lahey Clinic Northshore, One Essex Center Drive, Peabody, MA 01960, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Erectile dysfunction (ED) in men increases with age, as does cardiovascular disease (CVD). Major risk factors of CVD are similar to ED, including insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Hypogonadism has been associated with MS and IR in general populations.
AIM:
To determine the association between hypogonadism and MS and/or IR in men with ED, and to determine if hypogonadism is related to these cardiovascular (CV) risks.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
To compare the mean testosterone levels in men with and without IR and MS, and to show the difference in hypogonadism prevalence in mutually exclusive definitions of MS.
METHODS:
Mean testosterone for the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria of MS were calculated using independent t-tests. Multiple range t-tests were used to compare and contrast four groups: (i) only NCEP-Third Adult Treatment Panel criteria; (ii) only the WHO criteria; (iii) men with no MS; and (iv) men fulfilling both MS definitions. Chi-squared analysis was employed to determine the association of hypogonadism with IR.
RESULTS:
The prevalence of IR was 79% and of MS was 35 % by the WHO but 43% by the NCEP. Differences in point prevalences were negligible when mutually exclusive groups of MS were compared. Mean free testosterone was lower for the WHO MS or the WHO and NCEP MS (P = 0.04) but not for only the NCEP MS criteria. IR was significantly associated with low free testosterone and hypogonadism (P = 0.02 for each). If more than one criteria were present for either the WHO or NCEP MS, free testosterone was lower (P = 0.02).
CONCLUSION:
MS and IR are strongly associated with lower testosterone and hypogonadism. The WHO criteria are a more sensitive indicator of MS and may predict ED better. Men with ED should not only have CV risks evaluated, but should also have testosterone levels drawn.