Yeh i hate to be a dick but the psychologists who write that BS are morons. This is what I do with my life, and I've ran into professors who taught "situational depression" and I've explained to them one simple phrase that caused them to reexamine BS textbook explanations to those who are new to dynamics of the mind.
Its called "the map is not the territory" an NLP presupposition.
What this means is that NOBODY, NOT ONE PERSON in this world responds to reality. People respond to thier "MAPS" of reality.
I'll put it this way.
Imagine a territory. This territory IS reality. But for this given territory there is handfuls of different maps, topographic maps, satellite maps, thematic maps, etc. These maps refer to the way each of us individually interprets reality.
We can not see the territory, because the territory of "reality" is non-existent, its a cognitive construct of our mind. Most of us are fortunate enough to recieve an outline of this territory when we are young. Yet as we grow our maps are individualized to our predispositions in responding to reality, and how we attribute meaning from our outside world or "percieved reality" and how we attach that meaning to our identies.
Situations cant cause depression. One trend to notice is the response to incarceration. One thing you will see is a rapid change of thier interpretation of reality. It usually takes about 2-5 years. But most of the new prisoners are angry, hostile, and belligerent. The lifers however are actually extremely content, happy, and at peace with themselves.
The have changed the way they responded to their situation. They havent changed the situation itself. This is the core concept of what Im talking about.
Now people may think well "prison is a place to be depressed in"
and i have a response "who the fvck are you to say how anybody should feel in a situation if your not them?" Generalization isnt the foundation of psychology. The most functional and healthy response to all of "reality" as we know is to change the way we interpret it to our advantage, NOT disadvantage. Anyone else who "thinks" people need to respond a certain way to a situation is just someone who has little insight to the fact that our worlds do not create our minds but our minds create our worlds.
