As long as reasonable punishments exist for assaults, murders, etc, I don't see much need for hate crime laws. Sometimes, though, reasonable punishments don't exist.
For instance, here's a news story about an 18 year old who killed a 20 year old gay guy in South Carolina, and ended up doing less than one year in jail. Fair? Not in my humble opinion.
http://www.wyff4.com/news/13341629/detail.html
GREENVILLE COUNTY, S.C. -- What started as a parking lot fight with a punch thrown outside a bar is now a homicide investigation -- and detectives are trying to determine if the fatal assault might also be a hate crime.
Deputies said there was a fight in the parking lot of Brew's Bar early Wednesday morning. A day later, a man who was punched in the altercation died, and police are looking for whoever hit him.
Deputies said Sean William Kennedy, 20, was walking from the bar to his car when another car pulled up. Someone jumped out and punched Kennedy and then took off. Kennedy fell to the ground, and deputies said that they believe he hit his head on the parking lot pavement or a curb.
Deputies are investigating Kennedy's death as a homicide, and they said that they do have a possible suspect in mind.
Greenville County Sheriff's Lt. Shea Smith said, "We've interviewed several witnesses in the parking lot when this occurred. We've talked to other people at the bar, and we have received tips and investigators are following up on that. The investigation continues, and we hope to make an arrest."
According to Sean's profile on the MySpace.com Web site, Sean was gay. His friends said that they believe this fight was a hate crime, and the sheriff's office is looking into that possibility.
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Also, from Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_W._Kennedy
Sean W. Kennedy
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Sean W. Kennedy (April 8, 1987, Charleston, SC – May 16, 2007, Greenville, SC) was a gay 20-year old man who was punched and subsequently died as he was leaving a bar.[1][2][3]
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[edit] Death
On May 16, 2007, at about 3:45 am, Kennedy was leaving a local bar in Greenville when a car pulled up beside him, a young man got out of the car, came around and approached Kennedy, called him a faggot and then punched him hard enough that his facial bones were broken, he then fell and hit the asphalt. This resulted in his brain separating from his brain stem and ricocheting in his skull. He was left lying there and a little while later, one of Kennedy's friends received a voicemail that said, "You tell your faggot friend when he wakes up, he owes me five hundred dollars for my broken hand."
He later died of his injuries. Stephen Andrew Moller, (age 18) was charged with Kennedy's murder. The warrant stated that the act was "a result of the defendant (Moller) not liking the sexual identity of the victim."
[edit] Hate Crimes Legislation
Kennedy was mentioned by Senator Gordon Smith in a speech on the floor of the US Senate advocating for hate crimes legislation. The case was turned over for investigation by the Greenville County Sheriff to the FBI for investigation as a hate crime, but the state of South Carolina does not currently have hate crime legislation. [4] and federal hate-crimes legislation does not include sexual orientation.[2]
[edit] Pre-Trial
In October 2007, The Greenville County Solicitors Office announced that Moller's murder charge was going to be reduced to involuntary manslaughter, since there was no malicious intent by the accused.
In November 2007, Stephen Andrew Moller was released to home detention upon paying a $25,000 bond. He is required to stay with his mother until his trial. The charge of murder was reduced to manslaughter not only because there was no conscious premeditated desire to kill Kennedy, but also because there is no middle step in South Carolina law between murder and manslaughter. Unable to secure a conviction for murder, the trial lawyers opted for manslaughter in order to get the violent activity onto Moller's record. The sentence carries a 0-5 years prison term, and Moller has since been released on July 1, 2009.[5]
[edit] Sentencing
On June 11th 2007, Stephen Andrew Moller, appeared at a plea hearing -no jury trial- where he received a five year sentence, suspended to three years, including the time he served before he was released on bond - 199 days. He was released on July 1, 2009, after serving one year in prison[6] and will be on probation for 3 years. He was also ordered to take anger management classes, 30 day community service and to have regular alcohol/drug testing and counseling.