
Originally Posted by
hooker
The problem is that many studies on this (clen) are made with rodents...The thermogenic actions of Beta-adrenergic-stimulated-lyplysis in the human being is situated mainly in the skeletal muscle (1.2), and the lypolytic mechanism in effect here is still of an unknown quantity/quality. In humans, Beta1 and 2 stimulation increases lipolysis (4, 5), and increased energy expenditure; showing that the lipolysis actually increased the energy output(3). In the rodents, we find different mechanisms at work, and the fat loss comes mainly with UCP1 (Uncoupling protein1), which is situated in the internal membranes of mitochondrial Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT). BAT's adrenergic effects will stimulate all three - subtypes of beta-receptor, while I believe the research indicates humans only having 2 of them stimulated by clen (since BAT is not at work, beta1 & 2 are stimulated, while beta-3 may remain somewhat dormant). However, in the human beings, the skeletal muscle is responsible for a main part - of thermogenesisadrenergic-induced fat loss. However, stimulation of BAT is much more pronounced in rodents over humans(6) and it could bethat stimulation of the BAT could be influencing the anticatabolic process in ways in rodents it isn't in humans. Rodents are also known to have higher concentrations of beta receptors compared to humans, thus adding to the problems with using rodents in sympathiomimetic studies. However, I am hopeful that although different factors are at work, there can be an anabolic effect with humans also. If you read my clen profile, you will see that horses (closer to humans in terms of beta-receptor concentrations, and mechanism of action by sympathiomimetics like clen) experience this anabolic effect only after 6 weeks, and perhaps (speculation) that is the mark where humans will experience it also, as opposed to the very rapid onset of anabolism found in rodents.
References:
1. Simonsen L, Bülow J, Madsen J, and Christensen NJ. Thermogenic response to epinephrine in the forearm and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 263: E850–E855, 1992.
2. Simonsen L, Stallknecht B, and Bülow J. Contribution of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue to adren****e-induced thermogenesis in man. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 17, Suppl 3: S47–S51, S68, 1993.
3.Schiffelers SL, Brouwer EM, Saris WH, and van Baak MA. Inhibition of lipolysis reduces beta1-adrenoceptor-mediated thermogenesis in man. Metabolism 47: 1462–1467, 1998.[ISI][Medline]
4.Schiffelers SL, Saris WH, Boomsma F, and van Baak MA. beta(1)- and beta(2)-Adrenoceptor-mediated thermogenesis and lipid utilization in obese and lean men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 2191–2199, 2001.[
5.Schiffelers SL, van Harmelen VJ, de Grauw HA, Saris WH, and van Baak MA. Dobutamine as selective 1-adrenoceptor
6.Differential regulation of mouse uncoupling proteins among brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in chronic beta 3 adrenergic receptor agonist treatment.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Dec 9;253(1):85-91.