Peace be unto you,
Amcon.
In the Name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
I will answer your questions in parts, God-Willing.
Muslims respect and revere Jesus (peace be upon him). We consider him one of the greatest of God’s messengers to mankind. The Quran confirms his virgin birth, and an entire chapter of the Quran is entitled ‘Mary’. The Quran describes the birth of Jesus as follows:
"Remember when the angels said, 'O Mary, God gives you good news of a word from Him (God), whose name is the Messiah Jesus, son of Mary, revered in this world and the Hereafter, and one of those brought near (to God). He will speak to the people from his cradle and as a man, and he is of the righteous.' She said, 'My Lord, how can I have a child when no mortal has touched me?' He said, 'Even so! God creates what He wills. If He decrees a thing, He says to it only, ‘Be!’ and it is.'” (Quran, 3:45-47)
Jesus [as] was born miraculously by the command of God, the same command that had brought Adam [as] into being with neither a father nor a mother. God has said:
"The case of Jesus with God is like the case of Adam. He created him from dust, and then He said to him, 'Be!' and he came into being." (Quran, 3:59)
During his prophetic mission, Jesus [as] performed many miracles. God tells us that Jesus [as] said:
“I have come to you with a sign from your Lord. I make for you the shape of a bird out of clay, I breathe into it, and it becomes a bird by God’s permission. I heal the blind from birth and the leper. And I bring the dead to life by God’s permission. And I tell you what you eat and what you store in your houses....” (Quran, 3:49)
We believe that Jesus [as] was a noble prophet of God. We do not agree with our Christian cousins that Jesus [as] was God, the Son of God, or divine. Rather, we believe that he was a human being, although one of the best of the human beings. We believe that elevating the status of Jesus to that of God is not something loved by Jesus [as], but rather it would hurt him, as it makes him into a
Taghoot (false god), and Jesus [as] will return at the End of Times to negate this claim and declare his fealty to God alone.
God says in the Quran:
"He [Jesus] said: 'I am indeed a servant of God. He has given me revelation and made me a prophet; He has made me blessed wheresoever I be; and He has enjoined on me prayer and charity as long as I live. He has made me kind to my mother, and not overbearing or miserable. So peace is on me the day I was born, the day that I die, and the day that I shall be raised up to life (again)!' Such was Jesus the son of Mary. It is a statement of truth, about which they vainly dispute. It is not befitting to (the majesty of) God that He should beget a son. Glory be to Him! When He determines a matter, He only says to it, 'Be,' and it is." (Quran, 19:30-35).
Muslims believe that the earliest followers of Jesus [as] were monotheists. We believe that then the people broke into various sects, each changing the book to promote their own beliefs and for their own benefit. The Quran says:
"When Jesus came with Clear Signs, he said: 'Now I have come to you with Wisdom, and in order to make clear to you some of the matters on which you dispute. Therefore, fear God and obey me. God, He is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him--this is a Straight Way.' But sects from among themselves fell into disagreement. So woe to the wrongdoers, from the penalty of a Grievous Day!" (Quran, 43:63-65)
Jesus [as] will disassociate himself from the claim that he is God. The Quran says:
"And behold! God will say [on the Day of Judgment]: 'Oh Jesus, the son of Mary! Did you say unto men, worship me and my mother as gods in derogation of God?' He will say: 'Glory to You! Never could I say what I had no right to say. Had I said such a thing, You would indeed have known it. You know what is in my heart, though I know not what is in Yours. For You know in full all that is hidden. Never did I say to them anything except what You commanded me to say: 'Worship God, my Lord and your Lord.' And I was a witness over them while I lived among them. When You took me up, You were the Watcher over them, and You are a witness to all things!'" (Quran, 5:116-117).
We believe that Jesus [as] was an exalted prophet teaching the same message as all the prophets (unity of God), and that it is not possible for him to teach something different (trinity). The Quran says:
"Christ, the son of Mary, was no more than a messenger; many were the messengers that passed away before him. His mother was a woman of truth. They both had to eat food [and God is above that]. See how God makes His signs clear to them; yet see in what ways they are deluded away from the truth!" (Quran, 5:75).
Here are some more verses in the Quran about Jesus [as]:
"They have taken as lords beside God their rabbis and their monks and the Messiah son of Mary, when they were bidden to worship only One God. There is no God save Him. Be He Glorified from all that they ascribe as partner unto Him!" (Quran, 9:31)
"They say: 'God has begotten a son!' Glory be to Him [above that]! He is Self-Sufficient! His are all things in the heavens and on earth! No warrant have you to say this! Say you about God what you know not?" (Quran, 10:68)
"And remember her (Mary) who guarded her chastity: We breathed into her of Our Spirit, and We made her and her son a sign for all peoples!" (Quran, 21:91)
"And We made the son of Mary and his mother as a Sign!" (Quran, 23:50)
"And remember We took from the prophets their covenant: As We did from you: from Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus the son of Mary: We took from them a solemn covenant." (Quran, 33:7)
"And when Jesus son of Mary said: 'O Children of Israel! Lo! I am the messenger of God unto you, confirming that which was revealed before me in the Torah, and bringing good tidings of a messenger who comes after me, whose name is the Praised One.' Yet when he has come unto them with clear proofs, they say: 'This is mere magic.'" (Quran, 61:6)
"O People of the Scripture! Do not exaggerate in your religion nor utter aught concerning God save the truth. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was only a messenger of Allah, and His word which He conveyed unto Mary, and a spirit from Him. So believe in God and His messengers, and say not 'Three'--Cease! It is better for you! - God is only One God. Far is it removed from His Transcendent Majesty that He should have a son. His is all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth. And God is sufficient as Defender." (Quran, 4:171)
"In blasphemy indeed are those that say that God is Christ the son of Mary. Say: 'Who then has the least power against God, if His will were to destroy Christ the son of Mary, his mother, and all everyone that is on the earth? For to God belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and all that is in between. He creates what He pleases. For God has power over all things." (Quran, 5:17)
"They do blaspheme who say: 'God is Christ the son of Mary.' But Christ said: 'O Children of Israel, worship God, my Lord and your Lord.' Whoever joins other gods with God, -- God will forbid him the Garden, and the Fire will be his abode. There will for the wrong-doers be no one to help." (Quran, 5:72)
"And Jesus shall be a Sign for the coming of The Hour: therefore have no doubt about The Hour, but follow me: this is a Straight Path." (Quran, 43:61)
Muslims believe that Jesus was not crucified. It was the plan of Jesus’s enemies to crucify him, but God saved him and raised him up to Him. It is said that Judas (the traitor who turned on Jesus) was killed in place of Jesus, and that God caused Judas to look like Jesus [as].
God said:
"And remember when God said: 'O Jesus! Lo! I am gathering you and causing thee to ascend unto Me, and am cleansing you of those who disbelieve and am setting those who follow you above those who disbelieve until the Day of Resurrection. Then unto Me you will all return, and I shall judge between you as to that wherein you all used to differ." (Quran, 3:55)
"They said, 'We killed the Messiah Jesus, son of Mary, the messenger of God.' They did not kill him, nor did they crucify him, but the likeness of him was put on another man..." (Quran, 4:157)
We believe that Jesus [as] was a Muslim. In fact, we believe all the prophets were Muslims, starting from Prophet Adam, the first human on earth. Muslim is merely an Arabic word which means "submitter" and means one who submits himself to God. The Quran says:
"And they say, 'Be Jews or Christians and you shall be guided.' Say: 'Nay, rather [we follow] the creed of Abraham, a man of pure faith; he was no idolater.'" (Quran, 2:135)
"No! In truth Abraham was not a Jew, nor a Christian; but he was a Muslim (submitter to God) and one pure of faith; certainly he was never of the idolaters." (Quran, 3:67)
This is our belief in Jesus (peace be upon him).
Hope that helps.
In the Care of the Lord Most High,
-Saladin.