The Runnymede report identified eight perceptions related to Islamophobia:
1. Islam is seen as a monolithic
bloc, static and unresponsive to change.
2. It is seen
as separate and "other." It does not have values in common with other cultures, is not affected by them and does not influence them.
3. It is seen as inferior to the West.
It is seen as barbaric, irrational, primitive, and sexist.
4. It is
seen as violent, aggressive, threatening, supportive of terrorism, and engaged in a clash of civilizations.
5. It is
seen as a political ideology, used for political or military advantage.
6. Criticisms made of "the West" by Muslims are rejected out of hand.
7. Hostility towards Islam is used to justify discriminatory practices towards Muslims and exclusion of Muslims from mainstream society.
8.
Anti-Muslim hostility is seen as natural and normal