*What's life about*

[Flagg]

By far the deadliest thing going yet most necessary
Can fill any gap it gets into
Like you say 3 different states
Only need 2" to drown in it
We need it to live so does flora/fauna
We're made mostly of it aswell

Such an amazing element

I know it's Wikipedia, but check out the page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

I don't know how many people know this, but did you know, no one snowflake is ever the same. The chemical and physical properties of water are just simply amazing. And that's before getting to the biological properties of water!

Another fact about water, light become's attenuated in water and refracts. In other words it slows down as it is reflecting off of water molecules. Light also cannot penetrate something like 8 meters of water.

[Flagg]

Another fact.

Rainbows are a optical illusion caused by light refracting off water droplets in the sky, which is why most rainbows occur just after it has rained. Even though rainbows can be filmed/photographed, they do not have a "physical location" and they are always directly opposite the sun when you see one.

[panntastic]

Another fact.

Rainbows are a optical illusion caused by light refracting off water droplets in the sky, which is why most rainbows occur just after it has rained. Even though rainbows can be filmed/photographed, they do not have a "physical location" and they are always directly opposite the sun when you see one.

I knew about this
Did you know the earliest form of fibre optic cable came from an idea of light refracting through water?
In 1854, John Tyndall demonstrated to the Royal Society that light could be conducted through a curved stream of water, proving that a light signal could be bent.

[panntastic]

Looks like us Brits well and truly got this thread tied up lol

[Flagg]

I knew about this
Did you know the earliest form of fibre optic cable came from an idea of light refracting through water?
In 1854, John Tyndall demonstrated to the Royal Society that light could be conducted through a curved stream of water, proving that a light signal could be bent.

I didn't actually know that, will be looking more into that mate

Virtually every aspect of science can be applied to water, physiques, chemistry, biology, environmental, medical, geology and so on. Just the amount of uses and what it can do is mind boggling. I mean it's amazing that water in it's liquid state can practically act like a mirror, though it can't "reflect" light.

[Flagg]

Another link some people in this thread might be interested in:

H2O - The Mystery, Art, and Science of Water

[marcus300]

Didn't know some of this stuff being posted. It's amazing and really does answer a lot. I'm still getting my head around the dna stuff I posted. Now I have all this to read

[Flagg]

Didn't know some of this stuff being posted. It's amazing and really does answer a lot. I'm still getting my head around the dna stuff I posted. Now I have all this to read

How Water Shapes DNA

[panntastic]

Here's an interesting one I never knew:

The earth is a closed system, similar to a terrarium, meaning that it rarely loses or gains extra matter. The same water that existed on the earth millions of years ago is still present today.

[marcus300]

Another link some people in this thread might be interested in:

H2O - The Mystery, Art, and Science of Water

Great reading and some very interesting things to think about, when you look at water it is an amazing thing and that's why I mentioned it earlier....

Have you done any research on origins of man? (DNA)

[marcus300]

Here's an interesting one I never knew:

The earth is a closed system, similar to a terrarium, meaning that it rarely loses or gains extra matter. The same water that existed on the earth millions of years ago is still present today.

What do you mean Pann, closed system?

[Zodiac82]

I didn't actually know that, will be looking more into that mate

Virtually every aspect of science can be applied to water, physiques, chemistry, biology, environmental, medical, geology and so on. Just the amount of uses and what it can do is mind boggling. I mean it's amazing that water in it's liquid state can practically act like a mirror, though it can't "reflect" light.

that it somethin to ponder

[panntastic]

What do you mean Pann, closed system?

That's was a quote Marcus I found it when doing some research on water after Flagg posted them very interesting items.
I found it here:
http://www.allaboutwater.org/water-facts.html

But as you asked about closed system I got back onto google
And found this for you:
http://www.uvm.edu/~cmehrten/courses...d%20System.pdf

A quick extract from the PDF:
Material flows between reservoirs or sinks along pathways, or fluxes.
Examples: Water vapor in the atmosphere condenses and falls as rain and breaks down rocks. Ocean water evaporates into the atmosphere. Volcanoes erupt and spew water vapor into the atmosphere

[yannick35]

life is a learning process, it has its ups and down. Its not easy but we never said it was not worth living.

[marcus300]

That's was a quote Marcus I found it when doing some research on water after Flagg posted them very interesting items.
I found it here:
20 Interesting and Useful Water Facts

But as you asked about closed system I got back onto google
And found this for you:
http://www.uvm.edu/~cmehrten/courses...d%20System.pdf

A quick extract from the PDF:
Material flows between reservoirs or sinks along pathways, or fluxes.
Examples: Water vapor in the atmosphere condenses and falls as rain and breaks down rocks. Ocean water evaporates into the atmosphere. Volcanoes erupt and spew water vapor into the atmosphere

Interesting reading Pann, this thread has evolved aswell as man kind lol

Its like a educational thread on life

[panntastic]

Interesting reading Pann, this thread has evolved aswell as man kind lol

Its like a educational thread on life

A Very informative thread Marcus
Think its covered many areas in great depth aswell

[marcus300]

A Very informative thread Marcus
Think its covered many areas in great depth aswell

Ive been reading what you and Flagg have posted over the weekend and when you think about the bigger picture of something so simple as water it blows your mind wide open to many things..

I am still interested in the DNA side of things and whats the oldest things we have extracted DNA from and what can we tell from DNA. Also Man kind and Nethanderal

[panntastic]

Ive been reading what you and Flagg have posted over the weekend and when you think about the bigger picture of something so simple as water it blows your mind wide open to many things..

I am still interested in the DNA side of things and whats the oldest things we have extracted DNA from and what can we tell from DNA. Also Man kind and Nethanderal

It won't make Jurassic Park a reality, but scientists have discovered 419 million-year-old DNA intact inside ancient salt deposits

http://news.discovery.com/earth/weat...discovered.htm

Now that's old DNA

[marcus300]

It won't make Jurassic Park a reality, but scientists have discovered 419 million-year-old DNA intact inside ancient salt deposits

World's Oldest Known DNA Discovered : Discovery News

Now that's old DNA

yet another fact that the world is older than 10,000yrs then if we are extracting DNA what is millions of yrs old......

[panntastic]

yet another fact that the world is older than 10,000yrs then if we are extracting DNA what is millions of yrs old......

Its all pointing that way isn't it

[marcus300]

Great read Marcus
I remember learning about the cheddar man in school

Any idea if they ever recovered DNA from the frozen wooly mammoth they round out in the ice?

Russian Boy Finds Wooly Mammoth : Discovery News

is really interesting, great read

[Flagg]

Regarding DNA, there's a reason virtually all life has identical DNA to each other.

I spoke about convergent evolution earlier but really, all life is related to each other, all life came out of the sea and EVERYTHING has a single, common ancestor.

It's the same reason why the bone structures in many species are homologous. I mean look at this:


Look how similar the chicken and human embryo looks prior to full maturation. Fish, elephants, pigs, etc, all look nearly the same in the very early stages of development.

Here are some other examples:

[marcus300]

Regarding DNA, there's a reason virtually all life has identical DNA to each other.

I spoke about convergent evolution earlier but really, all life is related to each other, all life came out of the sea and EVERYTHING has a single, common ancestor.

It's the same reason why the bone structures in many species are homologous. I mean look at this:


Look how similar the chicken and human embryo looks prior to full maturation. Fish, elephants, pigs, etc, all look nearly the same in the very early stages of development.

Here are some other examples:

They are nearly identical,

You saying all life started in the sea?

[Flagg]

They are nearly identical,

You saying all life started in the sea?

I believe so, yes.

[marcus300]

I believe so, yes.

So from what you believe how did life first start in the sea? and why would it evolve ? do we have any evidence from genetics/DNA ect to help us solve this mystery? hard to get my head around this one

[Flagg]

Here Marcus and Pann, you guys might like this. How tetrapods (4 legged creatures) came from the sea:
The origin of tetrapods

Insects and fish are some of the oldest life forms of the planet, I mean sharks were around before even the dinosaurs. Insects are even older than fish, but they too probably came from the sea, evolving from very, very early forms of shrimp, plankton and trilobites. Some think that they evolved from very early segmented worms or water bears (tardigrade).

Incidently, "water bears" are probably the toughest life form on the planet as this video will show:


Taken from wikipedia:
Tardigrades are able to survive in extreme environments that would kill almost any other animal. The following are extremes states Tradigrades can survive:

Temperature – Tardigrades can survive being heated for a few minutes to 151 °C (424 K or 304 F),[21] or being chilled for days at −200 °C (73 K or -328 F),[21] or some can survive temperatures for a few minutes at −273 °C (~1 degree above absolute zero/0 Kelvin or -458 F).[22]

Pressure – they can withstand the extremely low pressure of a vacuum and also very high pressures, more than 1,200 times atmospheric pressure. Tardigrades can survive the vacuum of open space and solar radiation combined for at least 10 days.[23] Some species can also withstand pressure of 6,000 atmospheres, which is nearly six times the pressure of water in the deepest ocean trench, the Mariana trench.[13]

Dehydration – although there is one report of a leg movement in a 120-year-old specimen from dried moss,[24] this is not generally considered "survival",[25] and the longest tardigrades have been shown to survive in a dry state is nearly 10 years.[26][27] When exposed to extremely low temperatures, their body composition goes from 85% water to only 3%. As water expands upon freezing, dehydration ensures the tardigrades do not get ripped apart by the freezing ice (as waterless tissues cannot freeze).[28]

Radiation – tardigrades can withstand 1,000 times more radiation than other animals,[29] median lethal doses of 5,000 Gy (of gamma-rays) and 6,200 Gy (of heavy ions) in hydrated animals (5 to 10 Gy could be fatal to a human).[30] The only explanation found in earlier experiments for this ability was that their lowered water state provides fewer reactants for the ionizing radiation.[31] However, subsequent research found that tardigrades, when hydrated, still remain highly resistant to shortwave UV radiation in comparison to other animals, and that one factor for this is their ability to efficiently repair damage to their DNA resulting from that exposure.[32]

Environmental toxins – tardigrades can undergo chemobiosis—a cryptobiotic response to high levels of environmental toxins. However, these laboratory results have yet to be verified.[24][25]

Outer space – Tardigrades are the first known animal to survive in Space. Since September 2007, Tardigrades were taken into low Earth orbit on the FOTON-M3 mission and for 10 days were exposed to the vacuum of space from which they returned alive.[33][34] After being rehydrated back on Earth, over 68% of the subjects protected from high-energy UV radiation survived and many of these produced viable embryos, and a handful had survived full exposure to solar radiation.[23][35] In May 2011, Italian scientists sent tardigrades into space along with other extremophiles on STS-134, the final flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour.[36][37][38]

Their conclusion was that microgravity and cosmic radiation "did not significantly affect survival of tardigrades in flight, confirming that tardigrades represent a useful animal for space research."[39] In November 2011, they were among the organisms to be sent by the US-based Planetary Society on the Russian Fobos-Grunt mission's Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment to Phobos; however, the launch failed.

This life form is over 500 million years old, making it one of the oldest on earth, and it's super tough resilience is probably what enabled the species to survive the 5 mass extinctions that have hit the planet. They will likely outlive humans, even if we destroy much of the planet in nuclear war.

[marcus300]

Here Marcus and Pann, you guys might like this. How tetrapods (4 legged creatures) came from the sea:
The origin of tetrapods

Insects and fish are some of the oldest life forms of the planet, I mean sharks were around before even the dinosaurs. Insects are even older than fish, but they too probably came from the sea, evolving from very, very early forms of shrimp, plankton and trilobites. Some think that they evolved from very early segmented worms or water bears (tardigrade).

Incidently, "water bears" are probably the toughest life form on the planet as this video will show:


Taken from wikipedia:
Tardigrades are able to survive in extreme environments that would kill almost any other animal. The following are extremes states Tradigrades can survive:

Temperature – Tardigrades can survive being heated for a few minutes to 151 °C (424 K or 304 F),[21] or being chilled for days at −200 °C (73 K or -328 F),[21] or some can survive temperatures for a few minutes at −273 °C (~1 degree above absolute zero/0 Kelvin or -458 F).[22]

Pressure – they can withstand the extremely low pressure of a vacuum and also very high pressures, more than 1,200 times atmospheric pressure. Tardigrades can survive the vacuum of open space and solar radiation combined for at least 10 days.[23] Some species can also withstand pressure of 6,000 atmospheres, which is nearly six times the pressure of water in the deepest ocean trench, the Mariana trench.[13]

Dehydration – although there is one report of a leg movement in a 120-year-old specimen from dried moss,[24] this is not generally considered "survival",[25] and the longest tardigrades have been shown to survive in a dry state is nearly 10 years.[26][27] When exposed to extremely low temperatures, their body composition goes from 85% water to only 3%. As water expands upon freezing, dehydration ensures the tardigrades do not get ripped apart by the freezing ice (as waterless tissues cannot freeze).[28]

Radiation – tardigrades can withstand 1,000 times more radiation than other animals,[29] median lethal doses of 5,000 Gy (of gamma-rays) and 6,200 Gy (of heavy ions) in hydrated animals (5 to 10 Gy could be fatal to a human).[30] The only explanation found in earlier experiments for this ability was that their lowered water state provides fewer reactants for the ionizing radiation.[31] However, subsequent research found that tardigrades, when hydrated, still remain highly resistant to shortwave UV radiation in comparison to other animals, and that one factor for this is their ability to efficiently repair damage to their DNA resulting from that exposure.[32]

Environmental toxins – tardigrades can undergo chemobiosis—a cryptobiotic response to high levels of environmental toxins. However, these laboratory results have yet to be verified.[24][25]

Outer space – Tardigrades are the first known animal to survive in Space. Since September 2007, Tardigrades were taken into low Earth orbit on the FOTON-M3 mission and for 10 days were exposed to the vacuum of space from which they returned alive.[33][34] After being rehydrated back on Earth, over 68% of the subjects protected from high-energy UV radiation survived and many of these produced viable embryos, and a handful had survived full exposure to solar radiation.[23][35] In May 2011, Italian scientists sent tardigrades into space along with other extremophiles on STS-134, the final flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour.[36][37][38]

Their conclusion was that microgravity and cosmic radiation "did not significantly affect survival of tardigrades in flight, confirming that tardigrades represent a useful animal for space research."[39] In November 2011, they were among the organisms to be sent by the US-based Planetary Society on the Russian Fobos-Grunt mission's Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment to Phobos; however, the launch failed.

This life form is over 500 million years old, making it one of the oldest on earth, and it's super tough resilience is probably what enabled the species to survive the 5 mass extinctions that have hit the planet. They will likely outlive humans, even if we destroy much of the planet in nuclear war.

Fuk that water bear is indestructible wish we could be more like that lol

The origins of tetrapods was really interesting wonder how life first started in the sea

[Flagg]

Fuk that water bear is indestructible wish we could be more like that lol

The origins of tetrapods was really interesting wonder how life first started in the sea

Lol, today is a day off and im supposed to be using it to get some last minute bits for me holiday and instead I spent the morning going over this stuff

Don't get me wrong, I could talk about this stuff for hours with like minded people. Gonna pop out now but we can carry this on later tonight Marcus!

[marcus300]

That site you posted What are evograms? is excellent source of information thanks

[panntastic]

Man I got some catching up to do

[marcus300]

Wave Rock, Australia

Shaped like a tall breaking ocean wave, incredible rock formation Wave Rock in Western Australia is the result of hundreds of millions of years of erosion. The stripes are caused by leaking minerals in the rock and the "wave" stands 14 metres high and 110 metres long. Over 2,700 million years in the making, today it is popular with visitors posing on the rock face and surfing the giant wave

The Wave on Hyden Rock is one of Australia's most famous landforms, a giant surf wave of multicoloured granite about to crash onto the bush below. Stand under it and feel rock power from over 2,700 million years ago, before dinosaurs roamed the earth




The Pancake Rocks are most spectacular in the Putai area. They were formed 30 million years ago from minute fragments of dead marine creatures and plants landed on the seabed about 2 km below the surface. Immense water pressure caused the fragments to solidify in hard and soft layers. Gradually seismic action lifted the limestone above the seabed. Mildly acidic rain, wind and seawater sculpted the bizarre shapes.

[marcus300]

Moeraki Boulders, New Zealand
The Moeraki Boulders are alien-like boulders mainly located on Koekohe Beach on New Zealand's South Island. The ancient rock formations are believed to date back more than 60 million years and some weigh several tonnes. They were originally formed on the sea floor in the same way that a pearl forms around a particle of sand. Mauri legend says the boulders are remains of eel baskets, while locals call them "giants' gobstoppers

[panntastic]

What about the amazing giants causeway in Ireland
That's amazing as well

[marcus300]

What about the amazing giants causeway in Ireland
That's amazing as well

Very true, just goes to show the earth is a lot older than what the bible states. Why is that?

[marcus300]

The Giant's Causeway (known as Clochán an Aifir or Clochán na bhFomhórach in Irish[1] and tha Giant's Causey in Ulster-Scots)[2] is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, the result of an ancient volcanic eruption.

It is located in County Antrim on the northeast coast of Northern Ireland, about three miles (4.8 km) northeast of the town of Bushmills. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986, and a National Nature Reserve in 1987 by the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland. In a 2005 poll of Radio Times readers, the Giant's Causeway was named as the fourth greatest natural wonder in the United Kingdom.[3] The tops of the columns form stepping stones that lead from the cliff foot and disappear under the sea. Most of the columns are hexagonal, although there are also some with four, five, seven or eight sides. The tallest are about 12 metres (39 ft) high, and the solidified lava in the cliffs is 28 metres thick in places.

The Giant's Causeway is today owned and managed by the National Trust and it is the most popular tourist attraction in Northern Ireland.[4]
Some 50 to 60 million years ago,[5] during the Paleogene period, Antrim was subject to intense volcanic activity, when highly fluid molten basalt intruded through chalk beds to form an extensive lava plateau. As the lava cooled rapidly, contraction occurred. Horizontal contraction fractured in a similar way to drying mud, with the cracks propagating down as the mass cooled, leaving pillarlike structures, which are also fractured horizontally into "biscuits". In many cases the horizontal fracture has resulted in a bottom face that is convex while the upper face of the lower segment is concave, producing what are called "ball and socket" joints. The size of the columns is primarily determined by the speed at which lava from a volcanic eruption cools.[6] The extensive fracture network produced the distinctive columns seen today. The basalts were originally part of a great volcanic plateau called the Thulean Plateau which formed during the Paleogene period

[panntastic]

Very true, just goes to show the earth is a lot older than what the bible states. Why is that?

It's just a book buddy
Dictated by the rich written by the poor many many years after so called events happened

[marcus300]

It's just a book buddy
Dictated by the rich written by the poor many many years after so called events happened

From all the research and the information within this thread you are 100% right, its a book what was written and its obviously some of the contents are very far fetched

[panntastic]

From all the research and the information within this thread you are 100% right, its a book what was written and its obviously some of the contents are very far fetched

Exactly, written by the rich to keep the poor in line.
Scare tactics if you will.
Look at the vast wealth not only monetary but material and real estate the Vatican has
Because of it!

[panntastic]

Now I know your all going to love this!!!!

Scientists working 2.4 kilometres below Earth's surface in a Canadian mine have tapped a source of water that has remained isolated for at least a billion years. The researchers say they do not yet know whether anything has been living in it all this time, but the water contains high levels of methane and hydrogen -- the right stuff to support life.

Micrometre-scale pockets in minerals billions of years old can hold water that was trapped during the minerals' formation. But no source of free-flowing water passing through interconnected cracks or pores in Earth's crust has previously been shown to have stayed isolated for more than tens of millions of years.

For more info check out:
http://www.nature.com/news/reservoir...-water-1.12995

[marcus300]

That's amazing billion years old